The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that attacks cells of the immune system and destroys or makes them ineffective. In the early stages of infection, the subject does not show symptoms. However, the progression of the infection leads to a weakened immune system and increased vulnerability to opportunistic infections. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is the last stage of HIV infection. It can occur after 10 to 15 years. Antiretroviral slow down its development.
HIV is spread through unprotected intercourse (anal or vaginal sex), a transfusion of contaminated blood, or the exchange of contaminated syringes. It is also passed from mother to baby during pregnancy, childbirth or breastfeeding.
